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1 cost
past tense, past participle; see costcost1 n coste / gastocost2 vb costarhow much do those shoes cost? ¿cuánto cuestan esos zapatos?tr[kɒst]1 (have as a price) costar, valer■ how much does this book cost? ¿cuánto cuesta este libro?2 (result in the loss of) costar3 (calculate cost of) calcular el coste de1 costar, valer1 SMALLLAW/SMALL costas nombre femenino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat all costs a toda costa, a cualquier precioat cost price a precio de costeat no extra cost sin cargo adicionalat the cost of something a costa de algoto cost an arm and a leg / cost the earth / cost a packet costar un ojo de la cara, costar un riñón, costar una fortunato cover one's costs cubrir los gastosto cut costs reducir (los) gastosto learn something to one's cost aprender algo por experiencia propiato pay costs SMALLLAW/SMALL pagar las costaswhatever the cost cueste lo que cuestecost of living coste nombre masculino de la vida: costarhow much does it cost?: ¿cuánto cuesta?, ¿cuánto vale?cost vi: costarthese cost more: éstos cuestan máscost n: costo m, precio m, coste mcost of living: costo de vidavictory at all costs: victoria a toda costan.• costa s.f.• coste s.m.• costo s.m.• costo primario s.m.• gasto s.m.• precio s.m.pret., p.p.(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to cost")v.(§ p.,p.p.: cost) = costar v.
I kɔːst, kɒst1)a) ( expense) (often pl) costo m (esp AmL), coste m (Esp)at no additional o extra cost — sin cargo adicional
to cover/cut costs — cubrir*/reducir* los gastos; (before n)
cost accounting — contabilidad f analítica de costos or (Esp) costes
to pay costs — pagar* las costas
c) u ( price) costo m, coste m (Esp)2) u (loss, sacrifice)at the cost of something — a costa or a expensas de algo
she helped me out, at great cost to herself — sacrificó mucho al ayudarme
at all costs — a toda costa, a cualquier precio
II
1) (past & past p cost)a) \<\<article/service\>\> costar*how much did it cost you? — ¿cuánto te costó?
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?, ¿cuánto vale?
it'll cost you! — (colloq) mira que te va a salir caro!
b) ( cause to lose) costar*2) (past & past p costed)a) ( calculate cost of) calcular el costo or (Esp) coste deb) ( find out price of) averiguar* el precio de[kɒst]1. N•
at cost — (Comm) a (precio de) costeat all costs, at any cost, whatever the cost — (fig) cueste lo que cueste, a toda costa
she cared for her elderly mother at great cost to her own freedom — cuidó de su madre anciana pagando un precio muy alto a costa de su propia libertad
these are solutions that can be implemented at little cost — estas son soluciones que pueden ponerse en práctica y que son poco costosas
at the cost of his life/health — a costa de su vida/salud
•
to bear the cost of — (lit) pagar or correr con los gastos de; (fig) sufrir las consecuencias de•
to count the cost of sth/of doing sth — pensar en los riesgos de algo/de hacer algo•
to my cost — a mis expensas2) costsa) (Jur) costas fplb) (=expenses) gastos mpl2. VT1) (pt, pp cost) costar, valerit cost £2 — costó 2 libras
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?, ¿cuánto vale?, ¿a cuánto está?
what will it cost to have it repaired? — ¿cuánto va a costar repararlo?
it cost him his life/job — le costó la vida/el trabajo
it cost me a great deal of time/effort — me robó mucho tiempo/me costó mucho esfuerzo
whatever it costs, cost what it may — (also fig) cueste lo que cueste
to cost the earth —
it costs the earth * — cuesta un riñón, cuesta un ojo de la cara
2) (pt, pp costed) (Comm) [+ articles for sale] calcular el coste de; [+ job] calcular el presupuesto dethe job was costed at £5000 — se calculó que el coste del trabajo ascendería a 5.000 libras
3.CPDcost accountant N — contable mf de costes or (esp LAm) costos
cost accounting N — contabilidad f de costes or (esp LAm) costos
cost analysis N — análisis m inv de costes or (esp LAm) costos
cost centre N — centro m (de determinación) de costes or (esp LAm) costos
cost control N — control m de costes or (esp LAm) costos
cost of living N — coste m or (esp LAm) costo m de la vida
cost-of-living adjustment — ajuste m del coste de la vida
cost-of-living allowance — subsidio m por coste
cost-of-living bonus — plus m de carestía de vida, prima f por coste de la vida
cost-of-living increase — incremento m según el coste de la vida
cost-of-living index — índice m del coste or (LAm) de (la) vida
cost price N — (Brit) precio m de coste or (LAm) costo
- cost out* * *
I [kɔːst, kɒst]1)a) ( expense) (often pl) costo m (esp AmL), coste m (Esp)at no additional o extra cost — sin cargo adicional
to cover/cut costs — cubrir*/reducir* los gastos; (before n)
cost accounting — contabilidad f analítica de costos or (Esp) costes
to pay costs — pagar* las costas
c) u ( price) costo m, coste m (Esp)2) u (loss, sacrifice)at the cost of something — a costa or a expensas de algo
she helped me out, at great cost to herself — sacrificó mucho al ayudarme
at all costs — a toda costa, a cualquier precio
II
1) (past & past p cost)a) \<\<article/service\>\> costar*how much did it cost you? — ¿cuánto te costó?
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?, ¿cuánto vale?
it'll cost you! — (colloq) mira que te va a salir caro!
b) ( cause to lose) costar*2) (past & past p costed)a) ( calculate cost of) calcular el costo or (Esp) coste deb) ( find out price of) averiguar* el precio de -
2 how
1. adverb, conjunction1) (in what way: How do you make bread?) cómo2) (to what extent: How do you like my new hat?; How far is Paris from London?) cuánto; cómo de3) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) cómo4) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) cómo5) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) cómo•- however
2. conjunction(in no matter what way: This painting still looks wrong however you look at it.) de todas formas, lo (mires) como lo (mires)- how come
- how do you do?
how adv1. cómohow does this machine work? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?how do you spell your name? ¿cómo se escribe tu nombre?2. quéhow beautiful you look! ¡qué guapa estás!how about...? ¿qué tal si...? / ¿qué te parece...?how about going to the park? ¿qué te parece si vamos al parque?how are you? ¿qué tal? / ¿cómo estás?how much did it cost? ¿cuánto te costó?how many chairs are there? ¿cuántas sillas hay?how old are you? ¿cuántos años tienes?How do you do? es un saludo formal que se emplea cuando alguien es presentado por primera vez. Se responde igual: How do you do?tr[haʊ]1 (in questions - direct) ¿cómo?; (- indirect) cómo■ how are you? ¿cómo estás?■ how can I help you? ¿cómo la puedo ayudar?■ how old are you? ¿cuántos años tienes?■ how long is it? ¿cuánto mide de largo?■ how often do you go to the cinema? ¿con qué frecuencia vas al cine?, ¿cada cuánto vas al cine?2 (in exclamations) qué■ how odd! ¡qué extraño!, ¡qué raro!■ how kind of you! ¿qué amable de tu parte!■ how well she dances! ¡qué bien baila!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand how! familiar ¡y tanto!how about... ¿y si.?, ¿qué te parece si...?■ how about a drink? ¿y si nos tomáramos una copa?■ how about going for a drive? ¿qué te parece si damos una vuelta con el coche?how about that! ¡vaya!how come...? familiar ¿por qué...?, ¿cómo es que...?■ how come this door's not locked? ¿cómo es que esta puerta no está cerrada?how come? familiar ¿y eso?, ¿por qué?how many? (number) cuántos,-ashow much? (quantity) cuánto,-ahow ['haʊ] adv1) : cómohow are you?: ¿cómo estas?I don't know how to fix it: no se cómo arreglarlo2) : quéhow beautiful!: ¡qué bonito!3) : cuántohow old are you?: ¿cuántos años tienes?4)how about...? : ¿qué te parece...?adv.• a qué adv.• como adv.• cuán adv.• cuánto adv.• cómo adv.• qué adv.interj.• cuál interj.• cómo interj.pron.• cómo pron.haʊ1) (in questions, indirect questions) cómohow are you? — ¿cómo estás?
how's the new job? — ¿cómo marcha el nuevo trabajo?
how's your French? — ¿qué tal es tu francés?
how do I look? — ¿cómo or qué tal estoy?
how would Monday suit you? — ¿te viene bien el lunes?
how will you vote? — ¿a or por quién vas a votar?
2) (with adjs, advs)a) (in questions, indirect questions)how wide is it? — ¿cuánto mide or tiene de ancho?, ¿qué tan ancho es? (AmL exc CS)
how heavy is it? — ¿cuánto pesa?
how high can you jump? — ¿hasta dónde puedes saltar?
how often do you meet? — ¿con qué frecuencia se reúnen?
how bad is the damage? — ¿de qué gravedad son los daños?, ¿qué tan graves son los daños? (AmL exc CS)
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
I can't tell you how grateful I am! — no puedo decirte lo agradecido que estoy or (liter) cuán agradecido estoy!
b) ( in exclamations) quéhow strange/rude! — qué raro/grosero!
3) (in phrases)[haʊ]how about o (colloq) how's about something: how about a drink? ¿nos tomamos una copa?; Thursday's no good; how about Friday? el jueves no puede ser ¿qué te parece el viernes?; I'd love to go; how about you? me encantaría ir ¿y a ti?; 10 out of 10! how about that? 10 sobre 10 ¿qué te parece?; how come (colloq): how come the door's locked? ¿cómo es que la puerta está cerrada con llave?; and how! — (colloq) y cómo!
1. ADVERB1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)a) with verbYou can usually use cómo to translate how in questions as well as after report verbs and verbs of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé):
cómohow did you do it? — ¿cómo lo hiciste?
how can that be? — ¿cómo puede ser eso?
how are you? — ¿cómo estás?, ¿cómo or qué tal te va? (LAm) *, ¿qué tal (estás)? (Sp) *
how was the film? — ¿qué tal la película?
please tell me how to do it — por favor, dígame cómo hacerlo
I wasn't sure how to make soup — no sabía muy bien cómo hacer or preparar una sopa
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I explained to her how to make a paella — le expliqué cómo se hacía una paella•
I know how you did it — ya sé cómo lo hiciste•
to learn how to do sth — aprender a hacer algo, aprender cómo se hace algo•
how do you like your steak? — ¿cómo le gusta el filete?how do you like the book? — ¿qué te parece el libro?
•
how's that for cheek? — ¿no te parece de una cara dura increíble?•
I can't understand how it happened — no entiendo cómo ocurriób) (=to what degree)
how + adjective in questions can often be translated using cómo es/era de + adjective (agreeing with the noun), but other constructions might be more usual depending on the context:how big is it? — ¿cómo es de grande?
how difficult was the exam? — ¿cómo fue de difícil el examen?
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
With adverbs various translations are possible depending on the context. A very common construction is preposition + [qué] + noun:how wide is this bed? — ¿qué anchura tiene esta cama?, ¿cuánto mide de ancho esta cama?
how far away is it? — ¿a qué distancia queda?, ¿qué tan lejos queda? (LAm)
how far is it (from here) to Edinburgh? — ¿qué distancia hay de aquí a Edimburgo?
how fast can it go? — ¿a qué velocidad puede ir?
how soon can you be ready? — ¿cuánto tardas en prepararte?
To translate [how] + adjective/adverb in reported speech, [lo] + adjective/adverb is used. Note that the adjective agrees with the noun.how soon can you come? — ¿cuándo puedes venir?
and how! ¡y cómo!, ¡y tanto! how aboutthey've been telling me how well you did in your exams — ya me han hablado de lo bien que hiciste los exámenes
how about tomorrow? — ¿qué te parece mañana?
how about a cup of tea? — ¿te apetece una taza de té?
I like it, but how about you? — a mí me gusta, pero ¿y a ti?
how longhow about going to the cinema? — ¿qué tal si vamos al cine?, ¿y si vamos al cine?
how long is this bed? — ¿qué longitud tiene esta cama?, ¿cuánto mide de largo esta cama?
how long will you be? — ¿cuánto vas a tardar?
how manyhow long have you been here? — ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí?
how many are there? — ¿cuántos hay?
how muchhow many cartons of milk did you buy? — ¿cuántos cartones de leche has comprado?
how much sugar do you want? — ¿cuánto azúcar quieres?
how oftenhow much is it? — ¿cuánto vale?, ¿cuánto es?
else Translate how with verbs other than report ones or verbs of (un)certainty and doubt using como without an accent: como You can often translate how + adjective/adverb using qué + adjective/adverb: quéhow often do you go? — ¿con qué frecuencia vas?
how beautiful! — ¡qué bonito!
how strange! — ¡qué raro!
how quickly the time passed! — ¡qué de prisa pasó el tiempo!
how glad I am to see you! — ¡cuánto me alegro de verte!
how they talk! — ¡cuánto hablan!
how sorry I am! — ¡cuánto lo siento!
how she's changed! — ¡cuánto ha cambiado!
2.CONJUNCTION (=that) * que3.NOUN* * *[haʊ]1) (in questions, indirect questions) cómohow are you? — ¿cómo estás?
how's the new job? — ¿cómo marcha el nuevo trabajo?
how's your French? — ¿qué tal es tu francés?
how do I look? — ¿cómo or qué tal estoy?
how would Monday suit you? — ¿te viene bien el lunes?
how will you vote? — ¿a or por quién vas a votar?
2) (with adjs, advs)a) (in questions, indirect questions)how wide is it? — ¿cuánto mide or tiene de ancho?, ¿qué tan ancho es? (AmL exc CS)
how heavy is it? — ¿cuánto pesa?
how high can you jump? — ¿hasta dónde puedes saltar?
how often do you meet? — ¿con qué frecuencia se reúnen?
how bad is the damage? — ¿de qué gravedad son los daños?, ¿qué tan graves son los daños? (AmL exc CS)
how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?
I can't tell you how grateful I am! — no puedo decirte lo agradecido que estoy or (liter) cuán agradecido estoy!
b) ( in exclamations) quéhow strange/rude! — qué raro/grosero!
3) (in phrases)how about o (colloq) how's about something: how about a drink? ¿nos tomamos una copa?; Thursday's no good; how about Friday? el jueves no puede ser ¿qué te parece el viernes?; I'd love to go; how about you? me encantaría ir ¿y a ti?; 10 out of 10! how about that? 10 sobre 10 ¿qué te parece?; how come (colloq): how come the door's locked? ¿cómo es que la puerta está cerrada con llave?; and how! — (colloq) y cómo!
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3 how
❢ When how is used as a question word meaning in what way? or by what means? ( how did you get here?, how will you do it?) it is almost always translated by comment: comment es-tu arrivé ici? ; comment le feras-tu?When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which it is often translated by comment: I don't know how they did it = je ne sais pas comment ils l'ont fait ; tell me how you make a curry = dis-moi comment on fait un curry. When how is used as a conjunction meaning that it is almost always translated by que: he told me how he had stolen the money = il m'a dit qu'il avait volé l'argent ; it's amazing how they survived = c'est étonnant qu'ils aient survécu. For more examples and particular usages see below.1 (in what way, by what means) comment ; how did you make it? comment l'as-tu fait? ; I wonder how it works je me demande comment ça marche ; I don't know how he does it! je ne sais pas comment il le fait! ; to know how to do savoir faire ; I learned how to do it j'ai appris à le faire or comment on le fait ; how do you feel about it? qu'en penses-tu? ; how does the tune go? c'est quoi l'air? ;2 (enquiring about success, health etc) how are you? comment allez-vous? ; how's your foot/head? comment va ton pied/ta tête? ; how's your brother? comment va ton frère? ; tell me how she/your family is? dis-moi comment elle/ta famille va, dis-moi si elle/ta famille va bien ; how did the exam/interview go? comment s'est passé l'examen/l'entretien? ; how was the film/book? comment était le film/livre? ; how did you like the party/house? la fête/maison t'a plu? ; how's everything?, how are things? comment ça va? ; how do you do! ( greeting) enchanté! ;3 (in number, quantity etc questions) how much does this cost?, how much is this? combien ça coûte? ; how much do you/does it weigh? combien pèses-tu/pèse-t-il? ; how many times have you been to France? combien de fois es-tu allé en France? ; how many years have you lived here? depuis combien d'années habitez-vous ici? ; I don't know how many people will come je ne sais pas combien de personnes vont venir ; how much time/money is there left? combien de temps/d'argent reste-t-il? ; how long is the rope? de quelle longueur est cette corde? ; how long do you want it? de quelle longueur le veux-tu? ; how long will it take? combien de temps cela va-t-il prendre? ; how old is she? quel âge a-t-elle? ; how tall is the tree/your father? combien mesure l'arbre/ton père? ; how big is the garden? de quelle taille est le jardin? ; how far is it? c'est à quelle distance? ; tell me how old she is dis-moi son âge or quel âge elle a ; how often do you go there? tu y vas tous les combien? ; how soon can he get here? dans combien de temps peut-il venir? ;4 ( in exclamations) how wonderful/horrible! c'est fantastique/horrible! ; how nice you look! qu'est-ce que tu es beau!, comme tu es beau! ; how clever of you/him! comme c'est intelligent de ta/sa part! ; how wrong I was! qu'est-ce que j'ai eu tort!, comme j'ai eu tort! ; how it rained! qu'est-ce qu'il a plu!, comme il a plu! ; how you've grown! qu'est-ce que tu as grandi!, comme tu as grandi! ; how they shouted! qu'est-ce qu'ils ont crié! ;5 ○ ( in whichever way) comme ; you can decorate it how you like tu peux le décorer comme tu veux ;6 ( why) how could you? comment as-tu pu faire ça? ; how can he say that? comment peut-il dire une chose pareille? ;7 ( that) que ; he told me how he had found it on the bus il m'a dit qu'il l'avait trouvé dans l'autobus ; you know how he always arrives late tu sais qu'il arrive toujours en retard.B ○ how come adv phr pourquoi ; ‘I don't like him’-‘how come?’ ‘je ne l'aime pas’-‘pourquoi?’ ; how come you always get the best place/arrive first? comment se fait-il que tu aies toujours la meilleure place/tu arrives toujours le premier?1 ( what do you think?) I'll take you home, how's that? je te ramenerai chez toi, ça te va? ; how's that for an honest answer/an interesting job ça c'est une réponse honnête/un emploi intéressant! ;2 ( pardon?) ‘he's called Nicholas’-‘how's that?’ ‘il s'appelle Nicholas’-‘répète’.the how and the why of sth le pourquoi et le comment de qch ; and how! et comment! ; ‘did your mother tell you off?’-‘and how!’ ‘est-ce que ta mère t'a passé un savon ○ ?’-‘et comment!’ -
4 much
❢ When much is used as an adverb, it is translated by beaucoup: it's much longer = c'est beaucoup plus long ; she doesn't talk much = elle ne parle pas beaucoup.For particular usages, see A below. When much is used as a pronoun, it is usually translated by beaucoup: there is much to learn = il y a beaucoup à apprendre. However, in negative sentences grand-chose is also used: I didn't learn much = je n'ai pas beaucoup appris or je n'ai pas appris grand-chose.When much is used as a quantifier, it is translated by beaucoup de: they don't have much money = ils n'ont pas beaucoup d'argent.For particular usages see C below.A adv1 ( to a considerable degree) beaucoup ; much smaller/happier beaucoup plus petit/ content (than que) ; they're not much cheaper than the originals ils ne sont pas beaucoup moins chers que les originaux ; much more interesting beaucoup or bien plus intéressant ; the film was much better than expected le film était bien meilleur que prévu ; it's much better organized c'est beaucoup mieux organisé ; they're getting much less demanding ils deviennent beaucoup moins exigeants ; the shoes are much too expensive les chaussures sont beaucoup trop chères ; it's much too dangerous c'est beaucoup trop dangereux ; he doesn't much care for them il ne les aime pas beaucoup ; I didn't much like what I saw je n'ai pas beaucoup aimé ce que j'ai vu ; she doesn't worry much about it ça ne l'inquiète pas beaucoup ; we'd much rather stay here nous préférerions de beaucoup rester ici ; the meeting has been much criticized on a beaucoup critiqué la réunion ; they are much to be pitied ils méritent qu'on ait pitié d'eux ; much loved by her friends très aimée de ses amis ; your comments would be much appreciated tous vos commentaires seront les bienvenus ; he's not much good at Latin/at tennis il n'est pas très bon en latin/au tennis ; he's not much good at doing il n'est pas très doué pour faire ; does it hurt much? est-ce que ça fait très mal? ; it's much the more interesting of the two studies c'est de loin la plus intéressante des deux études ; she's much the best teacher here elle est de loin le meilleur professeur ici ; much to our annoyance, they didn't phone back ils n'ont pas rappelé, ce qui nous a beaucoup vexés ; much to my surprise à ma grande surprise ;2 ( often) beaucoup, souvent ; we don't go out much nous ne sortons pas beaucoup ; they didn't see each other much ils ne se voyaient pas beaucoup ; she doesn't talk much about the past elle ne parle pas beaucoup du passé ; do you go to concerts much? est-ce que tu vas souvent au concert? ; a much married film star une vedette de cinéma qui s'est remariée plusieurs fois ;3 (approximately, nearly) plus ou moins, à peu près ; to be much the same être à peu près pareil (as que) ; his condition is much the same as yesterday son état est plus ou moins or à peu près le même qu'hier ; it's pretty much like driving a car c'est plus ou moins la même chose que de conduire une voiture ; he behaved much the way the others did il s'est comporté plus ou moins comme les autres ; in much the same way à peu près de la même façon (as que) ; much the same is true of China la situation est à peu près la même en Chine ;4 ( specifying degree to which something is true) too much trop ; you worry/talk too much tu t'inquiètes/parles trop ; very much ( a lot) beaucoup ; ( absolutely) tout à fait ; he misses you very much tu lui manques beaucoup ; I'd appreciate it very much if j'apprécierais beaucoup que (+ subj) ; thanks very much merci beaucoup ; we enjoyed ourselves very much nous nous sommes beaucoup amusés ; she's very much like her mother elle ressemble beaucoup à sa mère ; it's very much the norm c'est tout à fait la norme ; I felt very much the foreigner je me sentais tout à fait étranger ; so much tellement ; I wanted so much to meet you j'avais tellement envie de vous rencontrer ; it hurts so much ça fait tellement mal ; it's so much better c'est tellement mieux ; he hates flying so much that he prefers to take the boat il déteste tellement l'avion qu'il préfère prendre le bateau ; thanks so much for merci beaucoup pour ; as much autant (as que) ; I like them as much as you (do) je les aime autant que toi ; she doesn't worry as much as before elle ne s'inquiète pas autant qu'avant ; they hated each other as much as ever ils se détestaient toujours autant ; she is as much entitled to a visa as you elle a autant droit à un visa que toi ; they were as much a part of village life as the farmers ils faisaient autant partie de la vie du village que les fermiers ; he wasn't sure and said as much il n'était pas sûr et il l'a dit ; I thought as much c'est bien ce qui me semblait ; however much même si ; you'll have to accept the decision however much you disagree il va falloir que tu acceptes la décision même si tu n'es pas d'accord ; I couldn't cry out however much it hurt je ne pouvais pas crier même si ça me faisait très mal ;5 (emphatic: setting up a contrast) not so much X as Y moins X que Y, plus Y que X ; it wasn't so much a warning as a threat c'était moins un avertissement qu'une menace, c'était plus une menace qu'un avertissement ; the discovery wasn't so much shocking as depressing la découverte était moins choquante que déprimante ; it doesn't annoy me so much as make me wonder ça m'agace moins que ça ne me surprend.B pron1 ( a great deal) beaucoup ; ( in negative sentences) grand-chose ; do you have much left? est-ce qu'il vous en reste beaucoup? ; did he earn much? est-ce qu'il a gagné beaucoup? ; we have much to learn nous avons beaucoup à apprendre (from de) ; we didn't eat much nous n'avons pas mangé grand-chose ; there isn't much to do il n'y a pas grand-chose à faire ; he doesn't have much to say il n'a pas grand-chose à dire ; there isn't much one can do to prevent it il n'y a pas grand-chose à faire pour empêcher ça ; he doesn't have much to complain about il n'a pas à se plaindre ; it leaves much to be desired ça laisse (vraiment) à désirer ; there's much to be said for beaucoup de choses plaident en faveur de [plan, country life, job-sharing] ; much of une grande partie de ; much of the difficulty lies in… une grande partie de la difficulté réside dans… ; much of the meeting was spent discussing… une grande partie de la réunion a été consacrée à discuter… ; much of their work involves… une grande partie de leur travail consiste à… ; much of what remains is useless une grande partie de ce qui reste est inutile ; much of the resentment is due to le ressentiment vient en grande partie de ; I don't see much of them now je ne les vois plus beaucoup maintenant ; to make much of sth ( focus on) insister sur qch ; ( understand) comprendre qch ; the report made much of the scandal le rapport insistait sur le scandale or faisait grand cas du scandale ; I couldn't make much of her last book je n'ai pas compris grand-chose à son dernier livre ;2 (expressing a relative amount, degree) so much tant ; they are willing to pay so much per vehicle ils sont prêts à payer tant par véhicule ; we'd eaten so much that nous avions tant mangé que ; she spends so much of her life abroad elle passe une très grande partie de sa vie à l'étranger ; she spends so much of her life abroad that elle passe une si grande partie de sa vie à l'étranger que ; so much of her work is gloomy il y a une grande partie de son œuvre qui est sombre ; so much of the earth is polluted la terre est tellement polluée ; so much of the time, it's a question of patience la plupart du temps c'est une question de patience ; too much trop ; it costs too much c'est trop cher ; you eat too much tu manges trop ; it's too much! lit c'est trop! ; ( in protest) c'en est trop! ; it's too much of a strain c'est trop éprouvant ; she was too much of an egotist to do elle était trop égoïste pour faire ; I couldn't eat all that, it's too much for me! je ne pourrais jamais manger tout ça, c'est trop pour moi! ; the heat/the work was too much for them ils n'ont pas pu supporter la chaleur/le travail ; the measures proved too much for them ils n'ont pas pu tolérer les mesures ; he was too much for his opponent il était trop fort pour son adversaire ; I bought about this much j'en ai acheté à peu près ça ; he's read this much already il a déjà lu tout ça ; I'll say this much for him, he's honest il a au moins ça pour lui, il est honnête ; this much is certain, we'll have no choice une chose est certaine, nous n'aurons pas le choix ; twice as much deux fois autant or plus ; if we had half as much as you si nous avions la moitié de ce que tu as ; I'll need half as much again il me faudra encore la moitié de ça ; as much as possible autant que possible ; they paid as much as we did ils ont payé autant que nous ; is it as much as that? est-ce que ça fait autant que ça? ; I enjoy nature as much as the next person j'apprécie la nature autant que n'importe qui ; it can cost as much as £50 ça peut coûter jusqu'à 50 livres sterling ; it was as much as I could do not to laugh il a fallu que je me retienne pour ne pas rire ; as much as to say… d'un air de dire… ; how much? combien? ; how much did you pay for it? combien est-ce que tu l'as payé? ; tell them how much you won dis-leur combien tu as gagné ; how much do they know? qu'est-ce qu'ils savent au juste? ; he never knew how much we missed him il n'a jamais su à quel point or combien il nous a manqué ; do you know how much this means to me? est-ce que tu sais à quel point or combien c'est important pour moi? ;3 (focusing on limitations, inadequacy) it's not ou nothing much ce n'est pas grand-chose ; it's not up to much GB ça ne vaut pas grand-chose ; he 's not much to look at il n'est pas très beau ; she doesn't think much of him elle n'a pas très bonne opinion de lui ; she doesn't think much of it elle n'en pense pas beaucoup de bien ; I'm not much of a letter-writer/reader je n'aime pas beaucoup écrire des lettres/lire ; it's not much of a film ce n'est pas un bon film ; it wasn't much of a life ce n'était pas une vie ; it wasn't much of a holiday for us ce n'était vraiment pas des vacances pour nous ; that's not much of a consolation! ça ne me console pas tellement! ; I'm not much of a one for cooking ○ la cuisine ce n'est pas mon fort ○.C quantif beaucoup de ; have you got much money/work? est-ce que tu as beaucoup d'argent/de travail? ; I haven't got (very) much time je n'ai pas beaucoup de temps ; we didn't get much support nous n'avons pas eu beaucoup de soutien ; it doesn't make much sense ça n'a pas beaucoup de sens ; there isn't much wine left il ne reste pas beaucoup de vin ; does he watch much TV? est-ce qu'il regarde beaucoup la télé ○ ? ; she didn't speak much English elle parlait peu anglais ; too much energy trop d'énergie ; to spend too much money dépenser trop d'argent ; we don't have too much time nous n'avons pas beaucoup de temps ; don't use so much salt ne mets pas tant de sel ; why does he make so much noise? pourquoi fait-il tant de bruit? ; I spent so much time doing j'ai passé tant de temps à faire ; she gets so much enjoyment out of the radio elle a tant de plaisir à écouter la radio ; we paid twice as much money nous avons payé deux fois plus d'argent ; how much time have we got left? combien de temps nous reste-t-il? ; how much liquid does it contain? combien de liquide est-ce que ça contient?D much+ (dans composés) much-loved/-respected très apprécié/respecté ; much-maligned tant décrié ; much-needed indispensable.E much as conj phr bien que (+ subj) ; much as he needed the money, he wouldn't beg for it il avait vraiment besoin de cet argent et pourtant il ne pouvait se résoudre à mendier ; much as we regret our decision we have no choice bien que nous regrettions or nous avons beau regretter notre décision, nous n'avons pas le choix.F much less conj phr encore moins ; I've never seen him much less spoken to him je n'ai jamais eu l'occasion de le voir encore moins de lui parler.G so much as adv phr without so much as saying goodbye/as an apology sans même dire au revoir/s'excuser ; if you so much as move/sigh si tu fais le moindre mouvement/pousses le moindre soupir ; they can be imprisoned for so much as criticizing the regime ils peuvent être emprisonnés ne serait-ce que pour avoir critiqué le régime.much wants more plus on en a plus on en veut ; there isn't much in GB ou to US it (in contest, competition) ils se suivent de près ; there isn't much in it for us ( to our advantage) ça ne va pas nous apporter grand-chose ; she's late again? that's a bit much! elle est encore en retard? elle exagère! ; ⇒ so. -
5 how
how [haʊ]a. ( = in what way) comment• how did you come? comment êtes-vous venu ?• how do you like your steak? quelle cuisson voulez-vous pour votre bifteck ?• how did you like the film? comment avez-vous trouvé le film ?• how was the play? comment avez-vous trouvé la pièce ?• how is it that...? comment se fait-il que... + subj ?• how could you? comment as-tu pu faire une chose pareille ?• how could you do/say that? comment as-tu pu faire/dire une chose pareille ?• how can that be? comment cela ?• how come you aren't going out? (inf) pourquoi tu ne sors pas ?► how about... > (inf)how about going for a walk? et si on allait se promener ?• how about you? et toi ?b. how's that? (inf)( = how possible, in what way) comment ça ? ; ( = what is your opinion) qu'est-ce que tu en penses ? ; ( = agreed) d'accord ?• how's that for size/height? ça va pour la taille/la hauteur ?• how's that for luck? quelle veine ! (inf)c. (health) how are you? comment allez-vous ?• how do you do? (on being introduced) enchanté• how are things? (inf)• how's business? comment vont les affaires ?• how's life? (inf)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When how is used to ask about degree or quantity, eg how long?, how much?, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• how nice! comme c'est gentil !• how he has grown! comme il a grandi !• I can't tell you how glad I was to leave that place vous ne pouvez pas savoir à quel point j'étais heureux de quitter cet endroit• how splendid! c'est merveilleux !• how kind of you! c'est très aimable à vous !e. ( = that) que• she told me how she had seen the child lying on the ground elle m'a raconté qu'elle avait vu l'enfant couché par terre* * *Note: When how is used as a question word meaning in what way? or by what means? (how did you get here?, how will you do it?) it is almost always translated by comment: comment es-tu arrivé ici?; comment le feras-tu?When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which it is often translated by comment: I don't know how they did it = je ne sais pas comment ils l'ont fait; tell me how you make a curry = dis-moi comment on fait un curryWhen how is used as a conjunction meaning that it is almost always translated by que: he told me how he had stolen the money = il m'a dit qu'il avait volé l'argent; it's amazing how they survived = c'est étonnant qu'ils aient survécu[haʊ] 1.adverb, conjunction1) (in what way, by what means) comment2) ( when enquiring)how do you do! — ( greeting) enchanté!
3) (in number, quantity etc questions)how much does this cost? —
4) ( in exclamations)how nice you look! — que tu es beau/belle!
how it rained! — qu'est-ce qu'il a plu! (colloq)
5) (colloq) ( in whichever way) comme6) ( why)7) ( that) que2.(colloq) how come adverbial phrase3.‘how come?’ — ‘pourquoi?’
how's that adverbial phraseI'll take you home, how's that? — je te ramènerai chez toi, ça te va?
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6 cost
cost [kɒst]coût ⇒ 1 (a) prix ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) coûter ⇒ 2 (a) évaluer le coût de ⇒ 2 (b) coûter cher ⇒ 3 frais ⇒ 41 noun(a) (amount charged or paid) coût m;∎ the car was repaired at a cost of £50 la réparation de la voiture a coûté 50 livres;∎ the cost of petrol has gone up le prix de l'essence a augmenté;∎ the cost of money le loyer de l'argent;∎ think of the cost (involved)! imagine un peu le prix que ça coûte!;∎ to bear the cost of sth payer qch; (with difficulty) faire face aux frais ou aux dépenses de qch;∎ to buy/to sell sth at cost (cost price) acheter/vendre qch au prix coûtant;∎ at little/great cost à peu de/à grands frais;∎ at no extra cost sans frais supplémentaires;∎ the firm cut its costs by 30 percent l'entreprise a réduit ses frais de 30 pour cent;∎ Commerce cost, insurance and freight coût, assurance et fret;∎ Accountancy cost of goods purchased coût m d'achat;∎ Accountancy cost of goods sold coût m des ventes, coût m des marchandises vendues;∎ Marketing cost per thousand coût m par mille, CPM m(b) figurative prix m;∎ whatever the cost à tout prix, à n'importe quel prix;∎ whatever the cost to his health quoi qu'il en coûte à sa santé, quel qu'en soit le prix pour sa santé;∎ whatever the cost to myself quoi qu'il m'en coûte;∎ he was always helping people, whatever the cost to himself il était toujours à aider les autres, quoi qu'il lui en coûte;∎ at the cost of her job/reputation/marriage au prix de son travail/sa réputation/son mariage;∎ he saved them at the cost of his (own) life il les a sauvés au prix de sa vie;∎ to find out or to learn or to discover to one's cost apprendre ou découvrir à ses dépens;∎ as I discovered to my cost comme je l'ai appris ou découvert à mes dépens;∎ as I know to my cost comme j'en ai fait la dure expérience;∎ to count the cost of sth faire le bilan de qch;∎ no-one stopped to count the cost (in advance) personne n'a pensé au prix à payer;∎ what will be the cost in terms of human suffering? quel sera le prix à payer en termes de souffrances humaines?;∎ the cost in human life le prix en vies humaines;∎ the cost in human terms (of unemployment, closure) le coût humain(a) coûter;∎ how much or what does it cost? combien ça coûte?;∎ how much is it going to cost me? combien est-ce que ça va me coûter?, à combien est-ce que ça va me revenir?;∎ how much will it cost the taxpayer? combien cela coûtera-t-il au contribuable?;∎ it costs £10 cela coûte 10 livres;∎ it cost me £200 cela m'est revenu à ou m'a coûté 200 livres;∎ did it cost much? est-ce que cela a coûté cher?;∎ it costs nothing to join l'inscription est gratuite;∎ it's a hobby that doesn't cost anything c'est un passe-temps qui ne coûte rien;∎ it didn't cost me a penny ça ne m'a rien coûté du tout, ça ne m'a pas coûté un sou;∎ familiar it'll cost you! (purchase) tu vas le sentir passer!; (help, favour) ce ne sera pas gratuit!□ ;∎ electricity costs money, you know! l'électricité, ce n'est pas gratuit!;∎ it cost her a lot of time and effort cela lui a demandé beaucoup de temps et d'efforts;∎ the puncture cost us a bit of time la crevaison nous a fait perdre pas mal de temps;∎ it cost him his job cela lui a coûté son travail, cela lui a fait perdre son travail;∎ it cost her her life cela lui a coûté la vie;∎ drinking and driving costs lives la conduite en état d'ivresse coûte des vies humaines;∎ it doesn't cost anything to be polite ça ne coûte rien d'être poli;∎ it must have cost him to say sorry cela a dû lui coûter de s'excuser;∎ whatever it costs (purchase) quel qu'en soit le prix;∎ whatever it costs, I'm not going to give up quoi qu'il m'en coûte, je n'abandonnerai pas;∎ familiar to cost an arm and a leg, to cost the earth coûter les yeux de la tête ou la peau des fesses(b) (work out price of → trip) évaluer le coût de; (→ job, repairs) établir un devis pour; Commerce (→ product) établir le prix de revient de;∎ how much was it costed at? (job) à combien est-ce que le coût a été évalué?;∎ he costed the repairs to the car at £150 il a établi un devis de 150 livres pour les réparations de la voiture, il a évalué les réparations de la voiture à 150 livres;∎ a carefully costed budget un budget calculé avec soinfamiliar (be expensive) coûter cher□, ne pas être donné□ ;∎ we can do it but it will cost on peut le faire mais ça ne sera pas donnéLaw frais mpl (d'instance) et dépens mpl;∎ to be awarded costs se voir accorder des frais et dépens;∎ to be ordered to pay costs être condamné aux dépensà tout prixen aucun cas;∎ he should not be approached at any cost en aucun cas il ne doit être approché►► cost accountant comptable mf spécialisé(e) en comptabilité analytique ou en comptabilité d'exploitation;cost accounting comptabilité f analytique ou d'exploitation;Accountancy cost allocation imputation f des charges;Finance cost analysis analyse f des coûts, analyse f du prix de revient;Finance cost base prix m de base;Accountancy cost centre centre m d'analyse;Finance cost curve courbe f des coûts;cost equation équation f de coût;cost factor facteur m coût;cost of living coût m de la vie;∎ the cost of living keeps going up le coût de la vie ne cesse d'augmenter;∎ in order to keep up with the cost of living afin de suivre le coût de la vie;Finance cost management gestion f des coûts;Finance cost price prix m coûtant ou de revient;∎ to buy/to sell sth at cost price acheter/vendre qch à prix coûtant;Accountancy cost pricing méthode f des coûts marginaux;Finance cost unit unité f de coût;Finance cost variance écart m des coûts(work out price of → trip) évaluer le coût de; (→ job, repairs) établir un devis pour; Commerce (→ product) établir le prix de revient de -
7 how
[haʊ] 1.1) (in what way, by what means) come2) (enquiring)3) (in number, quantity questions)how much does this cost? how much is this? quanto costa? how much do you weigh? quanto pesi? how many times have you been to France? quante volte sei stato in Francia? I don't know how many people will come non so quante persone verranno; how much time is there left? quanto tempo è rimasto? how long is the rope? quanto è lunga la corda? how old is he? quanti anni ha? how tall is the tree? quanto è alto l'albero? how far is it? — quanto dista?
5) (why)6) how come colloq."I don't like it" - "how come?" — "non mi piace" - "come mai?"
7) how's thatI'll take you home, how's that? — ti porto a casa, ti va?
how's that for an honest answer — è una risposta onesta, non ti pare?
2."he's called Nick" - "how's that?" — "si chiama Nick" - "come (hai detto)?"
1) colloq. (in whichever way) come2) (that) che••••Note:The different constructions of direct and indirect questions with how are to be noted: in direct questions, how is at the beginning of the sentence and the auxiliary precedes the subject (how could you do that? = come hai potuto farlo?); in indirect questions, the subject precedes the verb (please, tell me how you could do that = per favore, dimmi come hai potuto farlo) or, alternatively, a verb in the infinitive may be used (please, tell me how to use this tool = per favore, dimmi come usare / come si usa questo strumento). - How may precede an adjective (how nice she is! = com'è carina!), an adverb (how often do you go to the cinema? = quanto spesso vai al cinema?), or a verb clause (how I wish I could swim! = quanto vorrei saper nuotare!). - When how is used as a question word meaning in what way ? or by what means? it is almost always translated by come: how did you get here? = come ci sei arrivato? how will you do it? = come lo farai? - When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which, it is often translated by come: I don't know how they did it = non so come l'hanno fatto; tell me how you write this word = dimmi come si scrive questa parola. - When how is used as a conjunction meaning that, it is almost always translated by che: you know how he always arrives late = sai che arriva sempre tardi; it's amazing how they survived = è sorprendente che siano sopravvissuti. - For more examples and particular usages see below* * *1. adverb, conjunction1) (in what way: How do you make bread?) come2) (to what extent: How do you like my new hat?; How far is Paris from London?) come, quanto3) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) come4) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) come5) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) come•- however2. conjunction(in no matter what way: This painting still looks wrong however you look at it.) in qualsiasi modo- how come
- how do you do?* * *[haʊ] 1.1) (in what way, by what means) come2) (enquiring)3) (in number, quantity questions)how much does this cost? how much is this? quanto costa? how much do you weigh? quanto pesi? how many times have you been to France? quante volte sei stato in Francia? I don't know how many people will come non so quante persone verranno; how much time is there left? quanto tempo è rimasto? how long is the rope? quanto è lunga la corda? how old is he? quanti anni ha? how tall is the tree? quanto è alto l'albero? how far is it? — quanto dista?
5) (why)6) how come colloq."I don't like it" - "how come?" — "non mi piace" - "come mai?"
7) how's thatI'll take you home, how's that? — ti porto a casa, ti va?
how's that for an honest answer — è una risposta onesta, non ti pare?
2."he's called Nick" - "how's that?" — "si chiama Nick" - "come (hai detto)?"
1) colloq. (in whichever way) come2) (that) che••••Note:The different constructions of direct and indirect questions with how are to be noted: in direct questions, how is at the beginning of the sentence and the auxiliary precedes the subject (how could you do that? = come hai potuto farlo?); in indirect questions, the subject precedes the verb (please, tell me how you could do that = per favore, dimmi come hai potuto farlo) or, alternatively, a verb in the infinitive may be used (please, tell me how to use this tool = per favore, dimmi come usare / come si usa questo strumento). - How may precede an adjective (how nice she is! = com'è carina!), an adverb (how often do you go to the cinema? = quanto spesso vai al cinema?), or a verb clause (how I wish I could swim! = quanto vorrei saper nuotare!). - When how is used as a question word meaning in what way ? or by what means? it is almost always translated by come: how did you get here? = come ci sei arrivato? how will you do it? = come lo farai? - When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which, it is often translated by come: I don't know how they did it = non so come l'hanno fatto; tell me how you write this word = dimmi come si scrive questa parola. - When how is used as a conjunction meaning that, it is almost always translated by che: you know how he always arrives late = sai che arriva sempre tardi; it's amazing how they survived = è sorprendente che siano sopravvissuti. - For more examples and particular usages see below -
8 much
comparative of; see moremuch adj pron muchodid it rain much? ¿llovió mucho?Se emplea sobre todo en las frases negativas e interrogativas, en las frases afirmativas se emplea a lottr[mʌʧ]1 mucho,-a■ why is there so much traffic? ¿por qué hay tanto tráfico?■ how much money have you got? ¿cuánto dinero tienes?1 mucho■ how much is it? ¿cuánto vale?■ we don't see much of each other nos vemos poco, no nos vemos muy a menudo1 mucho\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLa bit much un poco demasiado, un poco excesivo,-ait is as much as somebody can do to... apenas..., a duras penas...much as (although) por mucho que + subjto be much the same ser más o menos igual, ser más o menos igualesnot to be much of a... no ser muy buen,-na...■ he's not much of a singer no es muy buen cantante, no canta muy biennot to be much good at something no ser muy bueno,-a en algothat's not saying much eso no significa gran cosa, eso no es mucho decirto make much of something dar mucha importancia a algoto not be up to much no valer gran cosawithout so much as sin siquieraI'm much happier: estoy mucho más contentashe talks as much as I do: habla tanto como yoit has much validity: tiene mucha valideztoo much time: demasiado tiempomuch pron: mucho, -chaI don't need much: no necesito muchoadj.• asaz adj.• mucho, -a adj.adv.• casi adv.• con mucho adv.• mucho adv.• muy adv.• más o menos adv.n.• mucho s.m.pron.• mucho pron.
I mʌtʃadjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately)[mʌtʃ]1.ADJ muchothere isn't much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
I haven't got as much energy as you — no tengo tanta energía como tú•
how much sugar do you want? — ¿cuánto azúcar quieres?•
so much tea — tanto té•
very much — muchowe haven't very much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
without much money — sin mucho dinero2. ADV1) (=a lot) mucho; (before pp) muyit doesn't much matter, it doesn't matter much — no importa mucho
I much regret that... — siento mucho que...
he's much richer than I am or than me — es mucho más rico que yo
•
much as I would like to go — a pesar de que me gustaría mucho ir, aunque me gustaría mucho irmuch as I like him — aunque or a pesar de que me gusta mucho
much as he hated the idea... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea...
much as I respect her ideas, I still think she's wrong — a pesar de que respeto mucho sus ideas or aunque respeto mucho sus ideas, creo que está equivocada
•
however much he tries — por mucho que se esfuerce•
I hardly know her, much less her mother — apenas la conozco, y mucho menos a su madre•
not much — no mucho•
thank you (ever) so much — muchísimas gracias, muy agradecido•
much though I like him — por mucho que él me gustemuch though he hated the idea, he knew that... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea, sabía que...
he had reservations about the scheme, much though he valued Alison's opinions — tenía sus dudas respecto al plan, a pesar de que valoraba mucho las opiniones de Alison
•
much to my astonishment — para gran sorpresa mía•
he talks too much — habla demasiado•
very much — mucho2) (=by far) con mucho3) (=more or less) más o menos, casi3.PRON muchobut much remains to be done — pero queda mucho que or por hacer
•
you've got as much as she has — tienes tanto como ellait can cost as much as $2,000 — puede llegar a costar 2.000 dólares
•
that's a bit much! * — ¡eso es demasiado!•
there isn't much in it — (between alternatives) no hay mucha diferencia, no va mucho de uno a otro•
how much is it a kilo? — ¿cuánto vale el kilo?how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
she won but there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero no por mucho
•
she's not much to look at — físicamente no vale mucho•
to make much of sth — dar mucha importancia a algo•
much of this is true — gran parte de esto es verdadI'm not much of a musician — sé muy poco de música, entiendo poco de música
•
we spent so much — gastamos tanto•
that's too much — eso es demasiado* * *
I [mʌtʃ]adjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately) -
9 how
[hau] adv. (në pyetje të drejta dhe të zhdrejta) si; qysh; në ç'mënyrë; how is school? si duket shkolla, si vete me shkollën?; how did it happen? si ndodhi; how is it that...? si është puna që...; si shpjegohet që...?; how are things? si shkojnë (janë) punët?; how do you like (how do you find) it? si të (ju) duket?; I told them how I did it u tregova se si e bëra; tell me how to do it më trego si ta bëj; how are you? si je(ni)?; how are you getting on? si ia çon(i)?; si jeni; (në përshëndetje) how do you do? si je?; si jeni; gëzohem (që u njohëm); how about going for a drink? ç'thoni, a nuk dalim ta pijmë nga një? 2. sa; how much sa; how long sa kohë; që kur; how could you say that? si ta nxuri goja?; how fine it is! sa bukur!; how kind of you! sa i mirë që je!; how far? deri ku?; sa larg? how many? sa?; how often? sa shpesh?; how lovely! sa bukur!; how long does it take to...? sa kohë do që të; how many times sa herë?; how much does it cost? sa kushton (bën)?; how he snores! sa (shumë që) gërhet!; how they loved each other! sa (shumë që) duheshin!; how sorry I am to... sa keq më vjen që...; how kind of you! jeni shumë i sjellshëm! 3. çfarë; me ç'kuptim; how do you mean? ç'do të thuash? si e ke këtë, çfarë do të thuash?; how come gj.fol. pse?, për ç'arsye?; si ka mundësi që? how now? ç'ishte kjo?, ç'do të thotë kjo? how so? e pse kështu? how then? e pastaj?, ç'do të thuash me këtë?; how now? ç'është kështu?; how so? si ashtu?; how about a cup of tea? a do një çaj?; the hows and the whys si-të dhe pse të; that's about the how of it ja se si ndodhi; and how bis. që ç'ke me të; here is how bis. për shëndetin tënd; how the dickens (the devil) ever; how on earth; how in the world... si bre...!; si djallin...!; how is your father dëfrim; qejf; marëdhënie seksuale; punë boshe; she answered him and how ajo i dha një përgjigje, e ç'përgjigje!* * *si; sa -
10 much
much [mʌtʃ]beaucoup de ⇒ 1 beaucoup ⇒ 2 (a), 3 autant de ⇒ 5 1 autant que ⇒ 5 2, 6 2 combien (de) ⇒ 8 tant de ⇒ 10 tellement (de) ⇒ 3ⓘ GRAM Hormis dans la langue soutenue et dans certaines expressions, ne s'utilise que dans des structures négatives ou interrogatives.beaucoup de;∎ we don't have much time on n'a pas beaucoup de temps;∎ there isn't much cake/money left il ne reste pas beaucoup de gâteau/d'argent;∎ the tablets didn't do much good les comprimés n'ont pas servi à grand-chose ou n'ont pas fait beaucoup d'effet;∎ ironic much good may it do you! grand bien vous fasse!2 pronoun∎ is there much left? est-ce qu'il en reste beaucoup?;∎ is there any left? - not much est-ce qu'il en reste? - pas beaucoup;∎ there's still much to be decided il reste encore beaucoup de choses à décider;∎ he hadn't much to say on the subject il n'avait pas grand-chose à dire à ce sujet;∎ there's not much anyone can do about it personne n'y peut grand-chose;∎ we have much to be thankful for nous avons beaucoup de raisons d'être reconnaissants;∎ much of the coffee had to be thrown away on a dû jeter une grande partie du café;∎ there is not much of it il n'y en a pas beaucoup;∎ I agreed with much of what she said j'étais d'accord avec presque tout ce qu'elle a dit∎ I'm not much of a hiker je ne suis pas un très bon marcheur;∎ it hasn't been much of a holiday ce n'était pas vraiment des vacances;∎ it wasn't much of a surprise ce n'était pas une grande surprise;∎ it wasn't much of a joke ce n'était pas terrible comme plaisanterie;∎ what he said didn't amount to much il n'avait pas grand-chose d'important à dire;∎ his plans didn't come to much ses projets n'ont pas abouti à grand-chose;∎ the defence made much of the witness's criminal record la défense a beaucoup insisté sur le casier judiciaire du témoin;∎ I couldn't make much of the figures je n'ai pas compris grand-chose aux chiffres;∎ I don't think much of him/of his technique je n'ai pas une très haute opinion de lui/de sa technique;∎ there's much to be said for the old-fashioned method la vieille méthode a beaucoup d'avantages;∎ there's much to be said for his suggestions il y a des choses fort intéressantes dans ce qu'il propose;∎ it's not up to much ça ne vaut pas grand-chose;∎ he's not up to much ce n'est pas une lumière;∎ there's not much to choose between them ils se valent;∎ there's not much in it il n'y a pas une grande différence;∎ familiar ironic he doesn't want or ask or expect much, does he? il n'est pas difficile, lui, au moins!3 adverbbeaucoup;∎ I don't drink much je ne bois pas beaucoup;∎ I don't like them much, I don't much like them je ne les aime pas beaucoup;∎ much admired/appreciated très admiré/apprécié;∎ much happier/more slowly beaucoup plus heureux/plus lentement;∎ much worse bien pire;∎ I feel very much better je me sens beaucoup mieux;∎ thank you very much (for) merci beaucoup (de ou pour);∎ formal it is much to be regretted that… il est fort regrettable que…;∎ it doesn't matter much cela n'a pas beaucoup d'importance;∎ much to my surprise à mon grand étonnement;∎ we are much obliged to you for… nous vous sommes très obligés de ou pour…;∎ I'm not much good at making speeches je ne suis pas très doué pour faire des discours;∎ it's much the best/the fastest way to travel c'est de beaucoup le meilleur moyen/le moyen le plus rapide de voyager;∎ it's much the best/the fastest c'est le meilleur/le plus rapide de beaucoup;∎ much the same presque pareil;∎ it's (pretty or very) much the same thing c'est à peu près la même chose;∎ she's still much the same as yesterday son état n'a pas changé depuis hier;∎ I feel much the same as you je pense plutôt comme vous;∎ familiar ironic he doesn't like beer, does he? - not much he doesn't! il n'aime pas la bière, non? - et comment, il aime ça!4 as much1 pronoun∎ (that, the same) I thought/suspected as much c'est bien ce que je pensais/soupçonnais;∎ I expected as much je m'y attendais;∎ I said as much to him yesterday c'est ce que je lui ai dit hier;∎ would you do as much for me? en ferais-tu autant pour moi?2 adverb∎ (with multiples, fractions) twice/three times as much deux/trois fois plus;∎ half as much la moitié (de ça);∎ a quarter as much un quart (de ça);∎ as much again encore autant5 as much…as∎ (the same amount as) as much…as autant de…que;∎ I've got as much money as you j'ai autant d'argent que vous;∎ take as much sugar as you like prenez autant de ou tout le sucre que vous voulezautant…que;∎ he's as much to blame as her elle n'est pas plus responsable que lui, il est responsable autant qu'elle;∎ it is as much your fault as (it is) mine c'est autant de votre faute que de la mienne1 pronoun∎ it costs as much as the Japanese model ça coûte le même prix que le modèle japonais;∎ he looked at me as much as to say… il me regarda avec l'air de (vouloir) dire…;∎ that's as much as to say that I'm a liar ça revient à me traiter de menteur∎ it was as much as I could do to keep a straight face j'ai failli éclater de rire;∎ it was as much as we could do to stand upright nous avions le plus grand mal à nous tenir deboutautant que;∎ I hate it as much as you do ça me déplaît autant qu'à vous;∎ as much as ever toujours autant;∎ as much as before autant qu'avant;∎ not quite as much as… pas tout à fait autant que…;∎ I don't dislike them as much as all that ils ne me déplaisent pas autant que ça∎ however much money you give him, it won't be enough vous pouvez lui donner autant d'argent que vous voulez, ça ne suffira pas2 pronoun∎ however much they offer, take it quelle que soit la somme qu'ils proposent, acceptez-la3 adverb∎ however much you dislike the idea… quelle que soit votre aversion pour cette idée…;∎ however much I try, it doesn't work j'ai beau essayer, ça ne marche pas8 how muchcombien de;∎ how much flour have we got left? combien de farine nous reste-t-il?2 pronouncombien;∎ how much is the record or does the record cost? combien coûte ce disque?∎ much as I admire him, I have to admit that… malgré toute mon admiration pour lui, je dois admettre que…;∎ much as I would like to, I can't come à mon grand regret, il m'est véritablement impossible de venir;∎ much as I try, I can't succeed j'ai beau essayer, je n'y arrive pas;∎ the result was much as I expected le résultat correspondait bien à ce que j'attendais10 so muchtant de, tellement de;∎ it takes up so much time ça prend tellement de temps;∎ it's just so much nonsense c'est tellement bête2 pronoun(a) (such a lot) tant;∎ I've learnt so much on this course j'ai vraiment appris beaucoup (de choses) en suivant ces cours;∎ there's still so much to do il y a encore tant à faire;∎ he has drunk so much that… il a tellement bu que…∎ there's only so much one can do il y a une limite à ce qu'on peut faire;∎ how much water will I put in? - about so much combien d'eau est-ce que je dois mettre? - à peu près ça;∎ so much a kilo tant le kilo3 adverbtellement;∎ I miss you so much tu me manques tellement;∎ I wouldn't mind so much, only he promised to do it ça ne me gêne pas tellement, mais il avait promis de le faire;∎ it's not so much his unpunctuality, it's his rudeness I can't stand ce n'est pas tellement ses retards, c'est sa grossièreté que je ne supporte pas;∎ thank you ever so much merci infiniment ou mille fois;∎ so much the better tant mieux;∎ so much so that… au point que…, à tel point que…;∎ not so much a…, more a… pas vraiment un…, mais plutôt un…même;∎ if you so much as breathe a word of this… si seulement tu répètes un mot de tout ça…;∎ without so much as asking permission sans même demander la permission;∎ I would not so much as raise a finger to help him je ne lèverais pas même le petit doigt pour l'aider∎ so much for the agenda; now let us consider… voilà pour ce qui est de l'ordre du jour; maintenant, je voudrais que nous nous penchions sur la question de…;∎ so much for that idea! on peut oublier cette idée!;∎ so much for his friendship! et voilà ce qu'il appelle l'amitié!13 that much∎ there was that much food, we thought we'd never finish it il y avait tellement à manger qu'on pensait ne jamais arriver à finir2 pronoun∎ was there much damage? - not that much y a-t-il eu beaucoup de dégâts? - pas tant que ça;∎ did it cost that much? ça a coûté autant que ça?;∎ how much do you want? - about that much combien en veux-tu? - à peu près ça3 adverb (with comparative)∎ it'll be that much easier to organize ce sera d'autant plus facile à organiser;∎ not that much better pas beaucoup mieux∎ she's that much taller than me elle est plus grande que moi de ça14 this much∎ there was this much coffee left il restait ça de café2 pronoun∎ I had to cut this much off the hem of my skirt j'ai dû raccourcir ma jupe de ça(b) (one thing) une chose;∎ this much is true… une chose au moins est vraie…;∎ I'll say this much for her, she's got guts il faut reconnaître une chose, c'est qu'elle a du cran15 too muchtrop de2 pronountrop;∎ there's too much to do il y a trop à faire;∎ don't expect too much (be too demanding) ne soyez pas trop exigeant, n'en demandez pas trop; (be too hopeful) ne vous faites pas trop d'illusions;∎ to cost too much coûter trop cher;∎ £10 too much 10 livres de trop;∎ familiar she's too much! elle est trop!;∎ familiar that's too much! ça, c'est trop!;∎ familiar that's a bit much! c'est un peu fort!;∎ you can't have too much of a good thing abondance de biens ne nuit pas3 adverb(work, speak) trop -
11 how
how [haʊ]1 adverb(a) (in what way) comment;∎ how do you spell it? comment est-ce que ça s'écrit?;∎ how shall we go about it? comment nous y prendre?;∎ how was she dressed? comment est-ce qu'elle était habillée?, qu'est-ce qu'elle portait?;∎ how could you be so careless? comment as-tu pu être aussi étourdi?;∎ how could you! tu n'as pas honte?;∎ how is it that...? comment se fait-il que...?;∎ how so?, how can that be? comment cela (se fait-il)?;∎ how's that (again)? comment?;∎ how's that for results? alors ces résultats, qu'est-ce que vous en pensez?;∎ how's that for size? ça va comme taille?;∎ suppose I offer you another £500, how's that? et si je t'offre 500 livres en plus, qu'est-ce que tu en dis?;∎ familiar how the heck should I know? mais enfin, comment veux-tu que je sache?(b) (in greetings, friendly enquiries etc) comment;∎ how are you? comment allez-vous?;∎ how are you doing? comment ça va?;∎ how do you do? enchanté!;∎ how are things? ça marche?;∎ how's business? comment vont les affaires?;∎ familiar how's life? comment ça va?;∎ how did it go? comment ça s'est passé?;∎ how's the dollar (doing)? comment va le dollar?;∎ how's your leg? et (comment va) ta jambe?;∎ how do you like this wine? comment trouvez-vous ce vin?;∎ how did you like or how was the film? comment as-tu trouvé le film?;∎ how was your trip? avez-vous fait bon voyage?;∎ how's the water? l'eau est bonne?(c) (in exclamations) que, comme;∎ how sad she is! qu'elle est triste!, comme elle est triste!;∎ how nice of you! comme c'est aimable à vous!;∎ how decadent! quelle décadence!;∎ how incredible! c'est incroyable!;∎ how easily they forget! comme ils oublient facilement!;∎ how I wish I could! si seulement je pouvais!;∎ familiar how stupid can you get! est-il possible d'être bête à ce point-là!∎ how tall are you? combien mesures-tu?;∎ how old is she? quel âge a-t-elle?;∎ how well can you see it? est-ce que tu le vois bien?;∎ how angry is he? il est vraiment fâché?;∎ how fast/slowly was he walking? à quelle vitesse marchait-il?;∎ how far is it from here to the sea? combien y a-t-il d'ici à la mer?;∎ how likely is that to happen? quelle est la probabilité d'un tel événement?;∎ how keen are you on fish? aimez-vous le poisson?;∎ how much does this bag cost? combien coûte ce sac?;∎ how much is it/do I owe you? combien est-ce que ça coûte/vous dois-je?;∎ how many are there of you? vous êtes combien (de personnes)?;∎ how often did she come? - about three or four times combien de fois est-elle venue? - trois ou quatre fois;∎ how often did he write? est-ce qu'il écrivait souvent?;∎ how long has he been here? depuis quand ou depuis combien de temps est-il ici?;∎ how long is the flight? quelle est la durée du vol?;∎ how soon can you deliver it? à partir de quand pouvez-vous le livrer?;∎ how late will you stay? jusqu'à quelle heure resteras-tu?;∎ you know how useful he is to me vous savez à quel point il m'est utile;∎ you don't know how right you are vous ne savez pas combien vous dites vrai, vous ne savez pas à quel point vous avez raison(a) (in what way) comment;∎ tell me how you do it dites-moi comment vous faites;∎ he's learning how to read il apprend à lire;∎ we know how to extract it nous savons comment l'extraire;∎ I need more information on how the network functions j'ai besoin de plus de renseignements sur le fonctionnement du réseau;∎ I don't know how he can say that! je ne sais pas comment il peut dire une chose pareille!∎ he told us how he had seen his child born il nous a raconté qu'il avait vu naître son enfant;∎ you know how he always gets his own way tu sais bien comment il est, il finit toujours par obtenir ce qu'il veut;∎ we all know how smell can influence taste tout le monde sait comment l'odorat a une influence sur le goût;∎ I remember how he always used to turn up late je me souviens qui'il était toujours en retard∎ arrange the furniture how you like installe les meubles comme tu veux;∎ did you like it? - and how! ça t'a plu? - et comment!3 nouncomment m inv;∎ the how and the why of it don't interest me le pourquoi et le comment ne m'intéressent pashumorous (greeting) salut∎ familiar how about a beer? et si on prenait une bière?;∎ how about going out tonight? si on sortait ce soir?;∎ how about Friday? vendredi, ça va?;∎ how about you, what do you think? et toi, qu'est-ce que tu en penses?;∎ how about that! c'est pas vrai!∎ familiar how come? comment ça se fait?;∎ how come you left? comment ça se fait que tu sois parti? -
12 costo
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar) \ \
costó es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: costar costo
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo◊ ¿cuánto me costoá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open; me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe verbo intransitivob) ( resultar perjudicial):c) ( resultar difícil):no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try; la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult; me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
costo sustantivo masculino (Com, Econ, Fin) cost; precio de costo cost price; al costo at cost price; costo de (la) vida cost of living
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may
costo sustantivo masculino
1 (precio) cost
2 argot (hachís) dope, shit, stuff ' costo' also found in these entries: Spanish: barbaridad - billete - cara - caro - costar - dineral - gansa - ganso - salvajada - sin - sudor - tanta - tanto - total - trabajo - triple - triunfo - aproximado - carestía - chingo - coste - importe - persona - porte - precio - sonsacar - unidad English: cost - dearly - dread - fortune - frivolous - hesitation - how - pay - wash off - well - agonize - consideration - lose - mark - mention - spread - under - worth -
13 cuesta
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar) \ \
cuesta es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: costar cuesta
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo◊ ¿cuánto me cuestaá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open; me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe verbo intransitivob) ( resultar perjudicial):c) ( resultar difícil):no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try; la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult; me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
cuesta sustantivo femenino iba corriendo cuesta abajo I was running downhillb)◊ a cuestas: llevar algo a cuestas to carry sth on one's shoulders/back;echarse algo a cuestas ‹carga/bulto› to put sth on one's back; ‹ problema› to burden oneself with sth
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may
cuesta sustantivo femenino slope
cuesta abajo, downhill
cuesta arriba, uphill Locuciones: adverbio a cuestas, on one's back o shoulders ' cuesta' also found in these entries: Spanish: aterrizar - baja - bajar - bajo - cala - costar - difícil - disparate - escarpada - escarpado - estercolar - flete - idea - reaccionar - su - subida - cuánto - ida - jadeante - suave - subir - trabajo - tranquilo - zancada English: be - come to - come up - descend - down - downhill - downward - easy - grade - gradient - gripping - incline - job - labour - mount - much - slog - slope - steep - struggle - subscription - trouble - uphill - what - work - a - about - do - find - free - hard - hill - labor - mix - pelt - plow - price - race - rise - roll - up -
14 coste
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar) \ \
costé es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: costar coste
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo◊ ¿cuánto me costeá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open; me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe verbo intransitivob) ( resultar perjudicial):c) ( resultar difícil):no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try; la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult; me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
coste sustantivo masculino (Esp) See Also→◊ costo
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may
coste sustantivo masculino cost Locuciones: a precio de coste, (at) cost price ' coste' also found in these entries: Spanish: precio English: cost - cost of living - deduction - estimate - index-linked - low-cost - manufacturing costs - replacement cost - run into - spiral up - high -
15 costar
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo◊ ¿cuánto me costará arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open; me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe verbo intransitivob) ( resultar perjudicial):c) ( resultar difícil):no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try; la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult; me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may ' costar' also found in these entries: Spanish: ojo - riñón - salir - valer - barato - barbaridad - cuánto English: be - bomb - come to - cost - set back - lose -
16 costado
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar) \ \
costado es: \ \el participioMultiple Entries: costado costar
costado sustantivo masculino side; duerme de costado she sleeps on her side
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo◊ ¿cuánto me costadoá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open; me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe verbo intransitivob) ( resultar perjudicial):c) ( resultar difícil):no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try; la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult; me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
costado sustantivo masculino side Locuciones: de costado, sideways
por los cuatro costados, through and through
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may ' costado' also found in these entries: Spanish: astronómica - astronómico - millonada - flato - punzada English: alongside - broadside - earth - flank - side - poke - sideways - stitch -
17 interest
'intrəst, ]( American) 'intərist
1. noun1) (curiosity; attention: That newspaper story is bound to arouse interest.) interés2) (a matter, activity etc that is of special concern to one: Gardening is one of my main interests.) interés3) (money paid in return for borrowing a usually large sum of money: The (rate of) interest on this loan is eight per cent; (also adjective) the interest rate.) interés4) ((a share in the ownership of) a business firm etc: He bought an interest in the night-club.) participación5) (a group of connected businesses which act together to their own advantage: I suspect that the scheme will be opposed by the banking interest (= all the banks acting together).) grupo de intereses
2. verb1) (to arouse the curiosity and attention of; to be of importance or concern to: Political arguments don't interest me at all.) interesar2) ((with in) to persuade to do, buy etc: Can I interest you in (buying) this dictionary?) interesar•- interesting
- interestingly
- in one's own interest
- in one's interest
- in the interests of
- in the interest of
- lose interest
- take an interest
interest1 n1. interés2. aficióninterest2 vb interesartr['ɪntrəst]1 (gen) interés nombre masculino■ only three students showed any interest in the subject sólo tres estudiantes mostraron interés en el tema■ what are your interests? ¿cuáles son tus aficiones?3 (advantage, benefit) provecho, beneficio■ it's in your own interest es por tu propio bien, es en tu propio beneficio■ unions look after the interests of their members los sindicatos se ocupan de los intereses de sus afiliados■ they pay interest at 10% on their mortgage pagan un interés del 10% sobre su hipoteca1 interesar■ can I interest you in this catalogue? ¿le interesaría este catálogo?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto bear/earn/pay interest dar interés, devengar interésto lose interest in something perder interés en algoto take an interest in something interesarse por algoto repay something with interest devolver algo con crecesinterest group grupo de interesesinterest ['ɪntrəst, -tə.rɛst] vt: interesarinterest n1) share, stake: interés m, participación f2) benefit: provecho m, beneficio m, interés min the public interest: en el interés público3) charge: interés m, cargo mcompound interest: interés compuesto4) curiosity: interés m, curiosidad f5) color: color m, interés mplaces of local interest: lugares de color local6) hobby: afición fn.• comodidad s.f.• interés (Economía) s.m.• logro s.m.• renta s.f.v.• interesar v.
I 'ɪntrəst1)a) u ( felt by person) interés minterest IN somebody/something/-ING — interés en alguien/algo/+ inf
I have no interest in getting to know them — no tengo ningún interés en conocerlos, no me interesa conocerlos
to show (an) interest — demostrar* interés, mostrarse* interesado
to take (an) interest in something/somebody — interesarse por algo/alguien
b) c ( hobby) interés m2) u ( possessed by object) interés mis this of any interest to you? — ¿esto te interesa?
3) ca) ( stake) participación f, intereses mplb) ( advantage) (often pl) interés mto act in somebody's interest(s) — actuar* en beneficio de alguien
4) u ( Fin) interés mto earn/charge interest of o at five per cent (per annum) — percibir/cobrar un interés del cinco por ciento (al año)
to pay something/somebody back with interest: he repaid my affection with interest me devolvió con creces el cariño que le había dado; they'll pay me back with interest! me las van a pagar con creces!; (before n) interest rate — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
II
transitive verb interesar['ɪntrɪst]can I interest you in a raffle ticket? — ¿le puedo ofrecer un número de rifa?
1. N1) (=curiosity) interés m•
to arouse sb's interest — despertar el interés de algn•
to have an interest in sth — estar interesado en algo•
to lose interest (in sth) — perder el interés (por or en algo)•
of interest, the guidebook describes all the places of interest — la guía describe todos los lugares de interésis this of any interest to you? — ¿te interesa esto?
•
I'm doing it just out of interest — lo hago simplemente porque me interesajust out of interest, how much did it cost? — por simple curiosidad, ¿cuánto costó?
•
to show (an) interest (in sth/sb) — mostrar interés (por or en algo/por algn)•
to take an interest in sth/sb — interesarse por or en algo/por algn2) (=hobby) interés mmy main interest is reading — mi interés principal or mi pasatiempo favorito es la lectura
what are your interests? — ¿qué cosas te interesan?
special interest holidays — vacaciones fpl de grupos con un interés común
3) (=profit, advantage) interés m•
a conflict of interests — un conflicto de intereses•
in sb's interest(s), it is in your own interest to confess — te conviene confesarheart 1., 1), public 1., 2), vested•
they acted in the best interests of their members — obraron en el mejor interés de sus miembros•
he has business interests abroad — tiene negocios en el extranjero•
to have a controlling/ financial interest in a company — tener una participación mayoritaria/tener acciones en una compañía•
to have an interest in sth — (gen) tener interés or estar interesado en algo; (in company) tener participación en algothe West has an interest in promoting democracy there — Occidente tiene interés or está interesado en promover allí la democracia
5) (Econ) (on loan, shares, savings) interés m•
to bear interest — devengar or dar interesesit bears interest at 5% — devenga or da un interés del 5%
•
to earn interest — cobrar intereses•
the interest on an investment — los intereses de una inversiónto repay sth/sb with interest —
I repaid his bad manners with interest! — ¡le devolví los malos modales con creces!
2. VT1) (=arouse interest) interesarit may interest you to know that... — puede que te interese saber que...
can I interest you in a new car? — ¿estaría interesado en comprar un coche nuevo?
2) (=concern) interesar3.CPDinterest charges NPL — intereses mpl
interest group N — grupo m de gente con un mismo interés
interest payments NPL — pago m de intereses
interest rate N — tipo m or tasa f de interés
* * *
I ['ɪntrəst]1)a) u ( felt by person) interés minterest IN somebody/something/-ING — interés en alguien/algo/+ inf
I have no interest in getting to know them — no tengo ningún interés en conocerlos, no me interesa conocerlos
to show (an) interest — demostrar* interés, mostrarse* interesado
to take (an) interest in something/somebody — interesarse por algo/alguien
b) c ( hobby) interés m2) u ( possessed by object) interés mis this of any interest to you? — ¿esto te interesa?
3) ca) ( stake) participación f, intereses mplb) ( advantage) (often pl) interés mto act in somebody's interest(s) — actuar* en beneficio de alguien
4) u ( Fin) interés mto earn/charge interest of o at five per cent (per annum) — percibir/cobrar un interés del cinco por ciento (al año)
to pay something/somebody back with interest: he repaid my affection with interest me devolvió con creces el cariño que le había dado; they'll pay me back with interest! me las van a pagar con creces!; (before n) interest rate — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
II
transitive verb interesarcan I interest you in a raffle ticket? — ¿le puedo ofrecer un número de rifa?
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18 screw
skru:
1. noun1) (a type of nail that is driven into something by a firm twisting action: I need four strong screws for fixing the cupboard to the wall.) tornillo2) (an action of twisting a screw etc: He tightened it by giving it another screw.) vuelta
2. verb1) (to fix, or be fixed, with a screw or screws: He screwed the handle to the door; The handle screws on with these screws.) atornillar2) (to fix or remove, or be fixed or removed, with a twisting movement: Make sure that the hook is fully screwed in; He screwed off the lid.) enroscar, apretar3) ((slang, vulgar) to fuck; to have sex (with).) echar un polvo, joder, follar4) ((slang) to cheat or take advantage of: They screwed you - these are not real diamonds.) timar, clavar•- be/get screwed
- have a screw loose
- put the screws on
- screw up
- screw up one's courage
screw1 n tornilloscrew2 vb1. atornillar / sujetar con tornillos2. enroscartr[skrʊː]1 (metal pin) tornillo2 (propeller) hélice nombre femenino3 (turn) vuelta4 slang (prison warder) carcelero,-a6 taboo (sexual act) polvo1 (fasten with screws) atornillar; (tighten) enroscar, apretar2 (crumple) arrugar■ you were well and truly screwed! ¡te han timado de verdad!■ how much did they screw you for? ¿cuánto te clavaron?■ I'll screw you for every penny you've got! ¡te sacaré hasta el último penique!4 taboo (have sex with) joder, follar, tirarse1 (turn, tighten) atornillarse, enroscarse2 (have sex) echar un polvo, joder, follar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto have a screw loose faltarle un tornillo a unoscrew that! slang ¡a joderse!screw you! slang ¡jódete!, ¡vete a la mierda!to be screwed up (person) tener muchos traumas, estar neurótico,-ato have one's head screwed on tener la cabeza bien sentadato screw up one's courage armarse de valorscrew ['skru:] vt: atornillarscrew vito screw in : atornillarsescrew n1) : tornillo m (para fijar algo)2) twist: vuelta f3) propeller: hélice fn.• husillo s.m.• hélice s.f.• rosca s.f.• tornillo s.m.• turca s.f.v.• atornillar v.• entornillar v.• torcer v.skruː
I
1)a) (Const, Tech) tornillo mto have a screw loose — (colloq & hum)
he's/you've got a screw loose — le/te falta un tornillo (fam & hum)
to put the screws on somebody — apretarle* las tuercas a alguien
b) ( action) (no pl) vuelta f; (before n) <lid, top> de roscac) (Aviat, Naut) hélice f2) ( sexual intercourse) (vulg) (no pl)to have a screw — echar(se) un polvo (fam), coger* (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar (Esp vulg), culear (Andes vulg)
3) ( prison guard) (sl) guardia m, madero m (Esp arg)
II
1.
1)a) (Const, Tech) atornillarscrew the two pieces together — una las dos piezas con un tornillo/con tornillos
b) ( crumple)2)a) (vulg) ( have sex with)to screw somebody — tirarse a alguien (vulg), coger* a alguien (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar a alguien (Esp vulg), culearse a alguien (Andes vulg)
b) (in interj phrases)screw you! — vete a la mierda or (Méx) a la chingada! (vulg), andá a cagar! (RPl vulg)
3) (sl)a) (exploit, cheat) esquilmar, hacer* guaje (Méx fam)she's screwing him for everything she can get — lo está exprimiendo al máximo, le está chupando la sangre
b) ( extort)to screw something OUT OF somebody/something — sacarle* algo a alguien/algo
2.
vi1) ( Const)to screw in/on — atornillarse
2) ( have sex) (vulg) echar(se) un polvo (fam), coger* (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar (Esp vulg), culear (Andes vulg)•Phrasal Verbs:- screw up[skruː]1. N1) tornillo m- put the screws on sb2) (Aer, Naut) hélice f3) ** (=prison officer) carcelero(-a) m / f4) *** (=sexual intercourse) polvo *** m2. VT1) [+ screw] atornillar; [+ nut] apretar; [+ lid] dar vueltas a, enroscar2) *** (=have sex with) joder ***screw the cost, it's got to be done! — (fig) ¡a la porra el gasto, tiene que hacerse!
3) * (=defraud) timar, estafar3.VI *** joder ***, echar un polvo ***, coger (LAm) ***, chingar (Mex) ***4.CPDscrew-top- screw on- screw up* * *[skruː]
I
1)a) (Const, Tech) tornillo mto have a screw loose — (colloq & hum)
he's/you've got a screw loose — le/te falta un tornillo (fam & hum)
to put the screws on somebody — apretarle* las tuercas a alguien
b) ( action) (no pl) vuelta f; (before n) <lid, top> de roscac) (Aviat, Naut) hélice f2) ( sexual intercourse) (vulg) (no pl)to have a screw — echar(se) un polvo (fam), coger* (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar (Esp vulg), culear (Andes vulg)
3) ( prison guard) (sl) guardia m, madero m (Esp arg)
II
1.
1)a) (Const, Tech) atornillarscrew the two pieces together — una las dos piezas con un tornillo/con tornillos
b) ( crumple)2)a) (vulg) ( have sex with)to screw somebody — tirarse a alguien (vulg), coger* a alguien (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar a alguien (Esp vulg), culearse a alguien (Andes vulg)
b) (in interj phrases)screw you! — vete a la mierda or (Méx) a la chingada! (vulg), andá a cagar! (RPl vulg)
3) (sl)a) (exploit, cheat) esquilmar, hacer* guaje (Méx fam)she's screwing him for everything she can get — lo está exprimiendo al máximo, le está chupando la sangre
b) ( extort)to screw something OUT OF somebody/something — sacarle* algo a alguien/algo
2.
vi1) ( Const)to screw in/on — atornillarse
2) ( have sex) (vulg) echar(se) un polvo (fam), coger* (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg), follar (Esp vulg), culear (Andes vulg)•Phrasal Verbs:- screw up -
19 set back
1) отодвигать, передвигать назад Why don't you set your chair back a little to get a better view? ≈ Почему бы тебе не передвинуть стул чуть-чуть, чтобы лучше было видно?
2) препятствовать, задерживать The cost of the war has set back national development by ten years. ≈ Расходы на военные действия затормозили национальное развитие примерно на 10 лет.
3) отсрочивать, откладывать, переносить The election will be set back to July to avoid the June holiday. ≈ Выборы будут перенесены на июль, чтобы, не попасть в июньский отпуск.
4) переводить, передвигать назад ( стрелки часов) My watch was fast so I set it back three minutes. ≈ Мои часы спешили, поэтому я перевел их на три минуты назад.
5) разг. стоить, обходиться The boy's education has set me back more than $
3000. ≈ Образование мальчика обошлось мне больше, чем в 3000$. помещать в глубине( чего-л.), в дальнем конце и т. п. - a front door * in a porch входная дверь в глубине веранды отодвигать - ti set the chairs back отодвигать стулья - the dog * its ears собака прижала уши - to * one's shoulders расправить плечи повернуть назад, придать обратное движение - to * the clock( one hour) перевести часы назад (на час) препятствовать, задерживать - all their efforts have been * все из усилия наталкивались на (непреодолимые) препятствия - this catastrophe set them back by about one hundred years эта катастрофа задержала их развитие почти на столетие - shortage of the right materials set us back задержка произошла из-за нехватки нужных материалов (разговорное) стоить, обходиться - the hat set me back twenty dollars эта шляпа обошлась мне в двадцать долларов - how much did it set you back? сколько вы за это заплатили? - what were you * for it? сколько с вас за это взяли?Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > set back
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20 knock
knock [nɒk]1. nounc. ( = setback) revers ma. [+ object] frapper• to knock one's head on or against sth se cogner la tête contre qchb. [+ person] to knock sb to the ground jeter qn à terre• go out there and knock 'em dead! (inf) montre-leur de quoi tu es capable !• his wife's death really knocked him sideways (inf) (British) la mort de sa femme l'a profondément ébranlé• don't knock it! arrête de dénigrer !( = bump) frapper• to knock against or into sb/sth se cogner contre qn/qch4. compounds• what are all these boxes knocking about in the garage? que font tous ces cartons dans le garage ?• who's he knocking around with these days? qui est-ce qu'il fréquente en ce moment ?( = beat) taper surb. ( = cost) coûter• how much did it knock you back? ça vous a coûté combien ?a. [+ person] renverserc. [+ price] baisser( = leave work) (inf) quitter son travailb. ( = reduce price by) faire une remise de• I'll knock off £10 je vous fais une remise de 10 livresd. ( = stop) knock it off! (inf) ça suffit !b. ( = exhaust) mettre à plat (inf)d. [+ electricity] couper[+ object, pedestrian] renversera. [+ meal] improviser ; [+ shed] bricoler (en vitesse)b. ( = make pregnant) (inf!) engrosser (inf !)* * *[nɒk] 1.I'll give you a knock at 7.30 — je frapperai à ta porte à 7 h 30
2) onomat2.to take the knocks — encaisser (colloq) (les coups)
transitive verb1) ( strike) cogner [object]to knock somebody unconscious ou silly — (colloq) assommer quelqu'un
2) ( cause to move)to knock something off ou out of something — faire tomber quelque chose de quelque chose
to knock somebody/something over something — envoyer quelqu'un/quelque chose par-dessus quelque chose
to knock somebody off his feet — [blast, wave] soulever quelqu'un
3) (colloq) ( criticize) critiquer [method, achievement]; dénigrer [person]3.1) ( make sound) [branch, engine, object] cogner (on, against contre); [person] frapper (at, on à)2) ( collide)to knock into ou against something — heurter quelque chose
•Phrasal Verbs:- knock in- knock up••to knock something on the head — (colloq) mettre fin à quelque chose
to be knocking on a bit — (colloq) commencer à se faire vieux
См. также в других словарях:
how much — used for asking or saying what the amount of something is How much stuff is she taking with her? How much were the tickets? (= what did they cost?) You know how much a parachute weighs? Ten kilograms … English dictionary
cost — 1 noun 1 MONEY PAID (C) the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something: I ll give you $15 to cover the cost of the gas. | at a cost of: The new building s going up at a cost of $82 million. | high/low cost: a… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
much — [ mʌtʃ ] (comparative more [ mɔr ] ; superlative most [ moust ] ) function word, quantifier *** Much can be used in the following ways: as a determiner (followed by an uncountable noun): There isn t much time left. How much money do you have? as… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
much — much1 W1S1 [mʌtʃ] adv 1.) by a great amount much better/greater/easier etc ▪ Henry s room is much bigger than mine. ▪ These shoes are much more comfortable. ▪ I m feeling very much better, thank you. much too big/old etc ▪ He was driving much too … Dictionary of contemporary English
cost — The opposite of revenue. An expense that reflects the price of purchasing goods, services and financial instruments. A cash cost means that cash is given up today to the purchase. Also, the purchase price of an investment, which is compared to… … Financial and business terms
much */*/*/ — UK [mʌtʃ] / US adverb, determiner, pronoun Word forms much : comparative more UK [mɔː(r)] / US [mɔr] superlative most UK [məʊst] / US [moʊst] Summary: Much can be used in the following ways: as a determiner (followed by an uncountable noun):… … English dictionary
how — W1S1 [hau] adv, conj [: Old English; Origin: hu] 1.) used to ask or talk about the way in which something happens or is done ▪ How do you spell your name? ▪ How can I help you? ▪ I d like to help in some way, but I m not sure how. ▪ He explained… … Dictionary of contemporary English
set you back — pay, pay for, cost you That looks like a fine camera. How much did it set you back? … English idioms
cost — [[t]kɒ̱st, AM kɔ͟ːst[/t]] ♦ costs, costing (The form cost is used in the present tense, and is also the past tense and participle, except for meaning 4, where the form costed is used.) 1) N COUNT: usu sing, oft N of n The cost of something is the … English dictionary
You shall not murder — The Sixth Commandment, as translated by the Book of Common Prayer (1549). The image is from the altar screen of the Temple Church near the Law Courts in London. You shall not murder or You shall not kill, KJV Thou shalt not kill (LXX οὐ φονεύσεις … Wikipedia
if you must know — spoken phrase used for answering someone in an annoyed way He’s not my boyfriend any more, if you must know. Thesaurus: ways of emphasizing when you are annoyed or angrysynonym Main entry: know * * * if you must know … Useful english dictionary